On September 29, , John G. Roberts, Jr. He grew up in Indiana, where he captained his high school football team and worked summers in a steel mill to help pay his way through college.
In , he received his bachelor's degree from Harvard, summa cum laude , after only three years. He then attended Harvard Law School, where he was managing editor of the Harvard Law Review and graduated magna cum laude in The year after he graduated from law school, Roberts clerked for Justice Henry J. Friendly of the U. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
Rehnquist on the United States Supreme Court. He was elected a partner a year later. The question brought to the court was whether the Internal Revenue Service regulation was in violation of congressional prerogatives under the Affordable Care Act.
Writing for a six-justice majority, Chief Justice John Roberts held that Congress' intent was for the tax credits to go to individuals who signed up for health insurance through the exchanges regardless of whether the exchanges were established by the federal government or a state government.
Sebelius , better known as the challenge to the Obama administration 's Affordable Care Act. Challengers to the law argued that the federal government's power under the Commerce Clause was not valid to make individuals purchase a good or service, in this case, healthcare. Roberts agreed with that interpretation. However, he allowed the law to stand on the basis of Congress' authority to levy a tax.
For a thorough explanation of the federal healthcare act and the challenges it faced in court, see: Obamacare overview. In a statement about the legislation, Paul said:. Seattle School District No. At issue was whether it was constitutionally permissible for a public school district, and particularly those that had not operated segregated schools in the past, to 1 classify students by race and 2 rely upon such racial classifications in making school assignments.
The school districts involved voluntarily adopted student assignment plans that relied upon race to determine which public schools certain children may attend. In Jefferson County, it was used to make certain elementary school assignments and to rule on transfer requests. In each case, the school districts relied upon an individual student's race in assigning that student to a particular school, so that the racial balance at the school fell within a predetermined range based on the racial composition of the school district as a whole.
Parents of students denied assignment to particular schools under these plans solely because of their race brought suit, contending that allocating children to different public schools on the basis of race violated the Fourteenth Amendment guarantee of equal protection.
In the case of Hedgepeth v. Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority , the court Roberts filing the opinion held that a year-old girl's Fourth and Fifth Amendment rights were not violated by her arrest and juvenile detention for violating a "zero tolerance" law against eating or drinking in a Metrorail station. The U. Roberts' dissent became a source of controversy during his confirmation hearings for the Supreme Court of the United States when environmental groups brought attention to his dissenting opinion.
Dissents do not constitute precedent and therefore have no legal standing. Roberts wrote:. The link below is to the most recent stories in a Google news search for the terms John Roberts Supreme Court. These results are automatically generated from Google. Ballotpedia does not curate or endorse these articles. Johnson, Jr. Ballotpedia features , encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers.
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Share this page Follow Ballotpedia. What's on your ballot? Jump to: navigation , search. Census citizenship question See also: Department of Commerce v. New York Roberts authored a majority opinion in Department of Commerce v.
Roberts was joined in part by the following justices: [30] The justices ruled unanimously in Parts I and II of the decision, which provided background on Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross ' decision to add a citizenship question to the U.
Census and affirmed that "at least some" of the respondents in the case had Article III standing. Part IV-B held that the evidence before Ross supported his decision to add the citizenship question to the census. Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg , Stephen Breyer , Sonia Sotomayor , and Elena Kagan joined in Part V of the decision, which held that Ross' rationale for adding the citizenship question in order to support enforcement of the Voting Rights Acts was inconsistent with the administrative record.
But agencies must pursue their goals reasonably. Reasoned decisionmaking under the Administrative Procedure Act calls for an explanation for agency action. What was provided here was more of a distraction. Benisek Roberts authored a majority opinion in a joint ruling for Rucho v. Explicitly or implicitly, a districting map is alleged to be unconstitutional because it makes it too difficult for one party to translate statewide support into seats in the legislature.
But such a claim is based on a 'norm that does not exist' in our electoral system—'statewide elections for representatives along party lines. Township of Scott, Pennsylvania Roberts authored a majority opinion that overturned the requirement established in Williamson County Regional Planning Commission v.
A property owner has an actionable Fifth Amendment takings claim when the government takes his property without paying for it. That does not mean that the government must provide compensation in advance of a taking or risk having its action invalidated: So long as the property owner has some way to obtain compensation after the fact, governments need not fear that courts will enjoin their activities.
Varela Roberts authored a majority opinion in Lamps Plus Inc. Burwell , Under the Affordable Care Act , state governments were required to establish a marketplace through which residents could purchase health insurance.
Sebelius, Secretary of Heath and Human Services, et. Parents Involved v. Roberts, Jr. Halper, U. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source. Arthrex, Inc. Township of Scott, Pennsylvania, et. A Norton," accessed July 9, Voter information What's on my ballot? Where do I vote? How do I register to vote?
How do I request a ballot? When do I vote? When are polls open? Who Represents Me? Congress special elections Governors State executives State legislatures Ballot measures State judges Municipal officials School boards. How do I update a page? Election results. Privacy policy About Ballotpedia Disclaimers Login. Court: Supreme Court of the United States. A Nominated: September 6, A Questionnaire:.
A Hearing: September , A QFRs Follow-up questions may be prepared and submitted to nominees for written replies to expand on their testimony. Nominees may be asked to expand on answers given at the hearing or to discuss new matters raised in the course of the hearing.
Often the chair will announce that the hearing record will be left open for a period of time so that additional information can be entered into the formal hearing record. A Reported: September 22, A Confirmed: September 29, During his confirmation hearings, Roberts dazzled both the Senate Judiciary Committee and a nationwide audience watching on CSPAN with his encyclopedic knowledge of Supreme Court precedent, which he discussed in detail without notes.
While he gave no indication of how he would rule on any particular case, he did state that the issues he argued for while deputy solicitor general were the views of the administration he was representing at the time and not necessarily his own.
Roberts was confirmed by the full Senate on September 29, , as the 17th Chief Justice of the United States by a margin of , more than any other nominee for Chief Justice in American history. At age 50, Roberts became the youngest person confirmed as Chief Justice since John Marshall in Before his confirmation, Roberts' brief stint on the U.
Court of Appeals didn't provide an extensive case history to determine his judicial philosophy. Roberts has denied he has any comprehensive jurisprudential philosophy and believes not having one is the best way to faithfully construe the Constitution. Some Supreme Court observers believe Roberts puts this attitude into practice, noting that he is a master at building consensus for his judicial opinions by citing the opinions of his fellow justices.
Others have observed this shrewd tactic has allowed Roberts to incrementally move the court's decisions to the right by tailoring his arguments and decisions so as to cultivate the support of more moderate justices. During his tenure on the Court, Chief Justice Roberts has ruled that in certain circumstances local governments can be exempt from some procedural requirements of the Voting Rights Act of He has ruled that the exclusionary rule needn't be so broad and that some evidence can be admissible even if obtained through police negligence.
Roberts wrote the majority opinion against using race as a criterion in voluntary desegregation policies, a ruling which dissenting justices said stood Brown v. Board of Education on its head. Federal Election Commission , which declared that corporations have the same rights as average citizens engaging in political speech. Critics alleged that the decision ignored the vast discrepancy between a corporation's finances and those of the average citizen and destroyed years of reform efforts to limit the power of special interest groups to influence the voters.
Supporters hailed the decision as a boost for the First Amendment because campaign finance reform's efforts to force equality of free speech were contrary to those protecting speech from government restraint. The ruling moved President Barack Obama to criticize the court's ruling during his State of the Union address and that, in turn, prompted Roberts to characterize Obama's choice of venue to criticize the court as "very troubling.
Roberts made headlines again in June , when he voted to uphold a mandate in President Obama's Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act initiated in , allowing other important pieces of the law to stay intact, including free health screenings for certain citizens, restrictions to stringent insurance company policies and permission for citizens under age 26 to be insured under parental plans.
Roberts and four other justices voted to uphold the mandate, under which citizens are required to purchase health insurance or pay a tax, a main provision of Obama's health-care law, stating that while the mandate is unconstitutional, according to the Constitution's commerce clause, it falls within Congress' constitutional power to tax. Four justices voted against the mandate. In June , Roberts ruled on two landmark legislative cases. Siding with the liberal wing of the Court and its swing vote Justice Kennedy in a decision, Roberts reaffirmed the legality of Obamacare by supporting the law's subsidy programs in King v.
However, Roberts upheld his conservative views on the issue of gay marriage and voted against the Court's decision that made same-sex marriage legal in all 50 states.
Of the Court's ruling to legalize gay marriage, Roberts was bold in his protest, claiming it undermines the country's democratic process. Celebrate the opportunity for a new expression of commitment to a partner. Celebrate the availability of new benefits. But do not celebrate the Constitution. It had nothing to do with it. The onset of the Donald Trump administration in brought new legal challenges, with the court agreeing to review a case regarding the president's attempt to restrict entry to the United States by citizens of several Muslim-majority nations.
Authoring the June majority opinion in Trump v.
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